This would be news to Taccom. They offer a PCC barrel that is 5.25" real barrel, 11" aluminum shroud, p&w.
Our new ramped barrel is just the thing for competitors who utilize glock and colt style PCCs.
taccom3g.com
Why?
It keeps the weight low.
It lets you use the same ammo as for a pistol for the same velocity instead of having to provide a lighter load to just make power factor in a 16" barrel.
Well let me try and take a stab at it from my memory, I stumbled across it while trying to decide if I wanted to pin and weld a brake on my AR pistol, not to get to a 16" barrel but to make the overall gun over 26". I abandon the idea but had spent some time researching the rules.
Let's assume you had a 14.5" barrel and you wanted to pin and weld a muzzle brake on the end to get you over 16". You select a 1.75" aluminum brake and have it pinned and welded onto the barrel.
If the AFT wants to they can "test" how strong of a weld is on your muzzle device - they put a wrench on it and try and remove it - IIRC there is an actual foot pound standard they use - if it comes right off or breaks the brake - then it doesn't count as being properly "pinned and welded" because that is suppose be permanently attached. If your muzzle device comes off and you have a 14.5" barrel left and you have a stock on it and don't have a tax stamp for a SBR then you get arrested.
My guess is the 5.5 inch steel with the aluminum shroud on it would pass the AFT test as being permanently attached, but that is just a guess.
I can't recall if the AFT actually has a regulation that says you can't use aluminum for a brake to extend the barrel - but they don't need one because if your barrel fails the AFT twist off test you are screwed.
I am far from an expert of this stuff - but like I said before - if I was going to have a brake or anything pinned and welded onto a short barrel to make it a "legal" 16" I would do a little research before I selected one made out of aluminum.
Maybe there is some aluminum that is really hard and solid - but plenty of aluminum parts are soft and easy to bend.