Barrel swap is all that you have to have.
The ONLY Glock pistols that convert completely and PROPERLY between 40SW and 357SIG with a barrel swap ONLY are PRE-Gen4 G27 and G33 pistols. Those are literally EVERY PART identical including sights to each other except for barrel and left-side Slide markings.
The Gen4 G27 and G33 are also the same EXCEPT for Ejector, as I explained in post #16.
The case in 357 is necked down from a 40.
The 357SIG case is derived from the 10mm Auto case, not 40SW.
There are those who will say to get dedicated 357 Sig mags, or at least the follower.
There is almost nothing more critical to the proper functioning of an auto-pistol than the Magazine. Glock OEM Magazines are dirt cheap inexpensive. My EDC is a Gen2.5 G27 (23 years old, my first Glock) that has been converted to 357SIG using an OEM G33 barrel. It works fine with 40SW Magazines but it is pure foolishness to NOT use proper 357SIG Magazines for EDC service in ANY pistol that serves serious purpose as a weapon.
One fact showing that a 357SIG round is NOT simply a necked-down 40SW round becomes apparent when a 7151/7165 Extension is attached to otherwise identical 40SW and 357SIG Magazines. According to explicit statements by Glock in its parts order forms (see post #16), that Extension adds TWO rounds to a 357SIG Magazine but only ONE round to a 40SW Magazine. Two additional rounds can in fact be inserted into that extended 40SW Magazine, but there have been many instances of such loaded Magazines later spontaneously disassembling the Floorplate from the tube. That is seldom considered a good thing to happen...ever.
I've toyed with going to 357 Sig on several occasions, but just can't figure out what I'd gain.
Well, here's a list that uses a G27 to G33 comparison that can be extended to all other 40SW and 357SIG Glock pistols as well:
-> Ballistics
A G27 firing 40SW 180-gr JHP can typically produce MV=975 ft/s, ME=380 ft•lbf, and PF=176 kgr•ft/s.
A G33 firing Underwood 357SIG 125-gr JHP can produce MV=1410 ft/s, ME=552 ft•lbf, and PF=176 kgr•ft/s.
Both loadings above produce about the
same recoil based on power factor PF (momentum), but the 357SIG load produces
45 percent greater muzzle energy. Bullet trajectory is flatter as well due to the higher velocity which allows less bullet drop over any specific distance. These are significant ballistic performance advantages.
-> Feed Reliability
The bottleneck 357SIG cartridge feeds more reliably than the staight-wall 40SW cartridge.
-> Chamber Support
Unlike the OEM G27 barrel, the OEM G33 barrel chamber provides perfect 100-percent cartridge case support, even above the feed ramp, along with the tightest of Glock OEM chambers. A 357SIG cartridge case in an OEM chamber will fire form slightly in the shoulder area, but otherwise appear to be an unfired case.