So, I bought three 3TB drives and made a RAID5 with them, despite numerous advices against it (there is even a society called BAARF - Battle Against Any RAID Four/Five).
But, of course, I just had to see it for myself...
With the "fake" onboard RAID controller (Intel ICH10R), I did not expect any stellar results. But the reality was even worse than I expected.
First of all, it took
two days to initialize the RAID.

You can use the arrays before and during initialization, but the performance would be really abysmal. So what did I get after the long wait was over?
Sequential read speed:
down 27% compared to a standalone disk.
Sequential write speed:
down 44%.
512K block read speed:
down 32%.
512K block write speed:
down 88%. Ouch.

4K block read speed:
up 4%. Probably just a statistical deviation.
4K block write speed:
down 12%.
4K block read with queue depth 32:
up 125%.

4K block write with queue depth 32:
down 8%.
I think I should go buy one more drive and make a RAID10.